Pandas is the go-to package for anything data science in Python. However, if you’re used to R and the convenience of dplyr or data.table, pandas can be confusing, now and then.
For example, the following error is a real newb issue.
ValueError: You are trying to merge on object and int64 columns. If you wish to proceed you should use pd.concat
It can occur in two scenarios:
- When using the join method: you are probably joining DataFrames on labels and not on indices
- When using the merge method: you are probably joining DataFrames on two columns that are not of the same type
You are trying to join on labels and not on indices using the join method
This is an example that generates the error:
data_x.join(data_y, on='key')In the first scenario, you can edit your code to join on the index. In the following code, I set the index on the columns I want to join.
data_x.set_index('key').join(data_y.set_index('key'))You could just change the column type. But then you’ll run into another error, requiring you to specify a suffix for both data frames.
ValueError: columns overlap but no suffix specified: Index([‘key’], dtype=’object’)
If you want to know why, read my other blog post on this topic. If you find changing indices unnecessary, find out if the next paragraph might be more of a help — by using the merge method on columns of the same type.
You are joining on columns of different types using the merge method
An example that generates the error:
data_x.merge(data_y, on='key')In this second scenario, you can simply change the column type of one of the columns — or both. A convenient way is through the astype method.
data_x.key.astype(int)
data_y.key.astype(int)
data_x.merge(data_y, on='key')By the way, I didn’t necessarily come up with this solution myself. Although I’m grateful you’ve visited this blog post, you should know I get a lot from websites like StackOverflow and I have a lot of coding books. This one by Matt Harrison (on Pandas 1.x!) has been updated in 2020 and is an absolute primer on Pandas basics. If you want something broad, ranging from data wrangling to machine learning, try “Mastering Pandas” by Stefanie Molin.
Great succes!
I’m not surｅ where you’re getting ｙour іnfo, but great topic.
I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more.
Thanks for excellеnt info I was looking for this info for my missіon.
Additional: when you save df to .csv format, the datetime (year in this specific case) is saved as object, so you need to convert it into integer (year in this specific case) when you do the merge. That is why when you upload both df from csv files, you can do the merge easily, while above error will show up if one df is uploaded from csv files and the other is from an existing df. This is somewhat annoying, but have an easy solution if kept in mind.
I am doing a merge of two data frames. In one data frame (say df) which has a column named ‘Code’ which contains values like 42326, 14A624, JP200 etc. Second data frame is a group by data frame (say df1) generated which again has a column ‘Code’.
When merge is done, pandas merges everything except the numeric values (42326). Reason as it seems, 42326 in df is stored as a number (right justified in excel) and in df1 stored as a text (left justified in excel). When you query in df you need to mention == 42326 and in df2 you mention ==’42326′.
How to solve this issue so that merge works fine?
Hi Rajeev, thanks for reaching out.
Is it an option to use the “dtype” or “converters” argument when reading both excels into memory? https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.read_excel.html
Otherwise, you can simply cast them to strings: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.astype.html
Best regards
Roel
I also encountered this error on the simple mistake that I was using field A from DataFrame 1 and field B from DataFrame 2, when it should have been field B from DataFrame 1 and field A from DataFrame 2. But, yes, same error.
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